Costa Fascinosa: PTP - LRM - PTP04A06

     The verdant, undulating island of Antigua is the largest of the Leeward Islands, and is blessed with some of the most beautiful beaches in the Caribbean. The island has a long association with Britain, having only gained independence in 1981. One of the island's most picturesque spots is English Harbour, where a fortress was erected, at Shirley Heights, to protect Antigua's commerce.
     Within the harbour is Nelson's Dockyard, with a monument dedicated to the English Admiral Horatio, who was based on the island for three years in the 18th Century. The Dockyard fell into disrepair on being abandoned by the Navy at the end of the 19th Century but was reopened in 1961 after 20 years of restoration work. The waters around the Dockyard and the Harbour are now filled with splendid yachts making their way to and from Antigua. The capital of St John's was during the 18th Century the principal British military stronghold in the area. Today it is a thriving Caribbean town, where nearly half of all Antiguans live.
     The Museum of Antigua and Barbuda in St John's features extensive exhibits of Indian arts and crafts - and even has signs that say 'please touch' - plus colonial and Antiguan artefacts, and fossils dating back 35 million years. The first known settlements on Antigua were established in around 2400BC by Siboney Indians, devoted to farming, followed by the Arawaks. Substantial European settlement began in the 17th Century when British entrepreneur Sir Christopher Codrington introduced large-scale production of sugar cane. This brought great prosperity to the island for some 100 years, and a large population of African slaves were brought to Antigua to work the sugar cane plantations. Hence the majority of Antiguans are of African descent.
     Several farms, hotels and restaurants on the island are located on the sites of former plantations.

     St Kitts and its sister island Nevis comprise a tiny nation with a unique history. St Kitts - on which Basseterre is the main town - is the popular derivation of St Christopher, the name given to the island by Christopher Columbus in 1493. Its inhabitants are called "Kittitians". Nevis gets its name from the Spanish word for snow in description of a curtain of white clouds that at one time supposedly always covered the top of the mountain that dominates the island. In 1623, the two islands became a British colony.
     The islands maintain a close link to their English heritage, although throughout their modern history the English dominance has been regularly challenged, particularly by the French and Spanish eager to control the islands' considerable sugar cane crop. Nevis in particular attracted much commercial interest - and rivalry - as well as considerable piracy. Many of the islands' 45,000 inhabitants can trace their ancestors to the African slave trade of the 17th Century.
     The symbol of contemporary culture on the islands is a carnival, which starts of Christmas Eve and embraces the entire population - and visitors - in a joyous celebration. The St. Kitts Music Festival is also very popular, attracting musicians from all over the Caribbean. The islands, which are part of the British Commonwealth, became independent on September 19, 1983, and have since continued to attract thousands of visitors from around the world.

     Road Harbour is the port of Road Town, the capital town on the island of Tortola (Turtle Dove) and the British Virgin Islands. Tortola is blessed with glorious secluded beaches, crystal clear waters and lush mountain scenery. The first inhabitants were Arawak and Siboney Indians, to be followed by Spanish, Dutch and English colonists. As in the rest of the Virgin Islands, Tortola was once blighted by pirates and privateers, including Sir Francis Drake, who gave his name to the channel that separates the two main groups of islands. The islands remain a Crown Colony of Britain, with a governor officially appointed by the Queen. Since the 1960s, however, the islands have attracted massive investment by Americans, one of the first being Rockerfeller, to develop tourism. The island's landscape is dominated by Sage Mountain, the highest peak in the Virgin Islands.
     The upper section of the mountain is covered in beautiful rainforest. Most of the 17,000 inhabitants of the British Virgin Islands live on Tortola. The commercial and cultural centre of the island is Road Town and its busy port. In the centre of Road Town is the four-acre J.R.O'Neill Botanical Gardens which features 62 species of palm tree, multitudes of tropical flowers, birds and parrots. Popular attractions on the island include picturesque Cane Garden Bay, a frequent venue for street festivals and beach parties. It is also the home of celebrated local musician Quito Rymer, who regularly performs at his restaurant, Quito's Bar & Grill. Another highlight is Mount Healthy Windmill , which preserves one of the first plantations in the archipelago. Bicycle rides and jeep exploration are popular activities on Tortola, as is trekking.

     Although they are relatively new destinations for tourists from Europe and the United States alike, the Dominican Republic and La Romana, a city on the island's beautiful eastern coast, have been attracting visitors for many centuries.
     Their vocation is the legacy of what anthropologists have identified as the island's earliest settlers. The Taino Indians are thought by historians to have been a friendly, peace-loving race who farmed the land and lived quietly and simply in harmony both with nature and their fellow men.
     Extensive historical evidence of the Taino people has been painstakingly collected and can now be seen in the country's two main museums in Santo Domingo and Puerto Plata. Historians who have studied the island's social and cultural development believe that the Dominican Republic had a highly complex structure. So much so, in fact, that Santo Domingo and La Romana (which was once much smaller than it is today) were once considered the only two cities on the entire continent.
     Fact or fiction, legend or history... what is certain is that Taino farmers had their own manuals for farming and fishing, and led highly active lives with plenty of religious activities as well as work. Evidence of this has been passed down through inscriptions and various artefacts, most of them made from the ceramics at which the ancient people of the Dominican Republic excelled.
     The first hint of revolution arrived of course with Christopher Columbus's first voyage. The explorer landed in the bay on 5th December 1492. He founded a small village, setting in motion a process of colonisation which soon led the island and its various activities to grow beyond measure.
     La Romana emerged as a city of traders and seafarers. Its port became a flourishing cultural hub thanks to its close linguistic ties to the nearby coasts: art and music did the rest. Santo Domingo and La Romana have always been a focal point for trade, wellbeing and entertainment, although they have only been recognised as such universally in the past few decades.
     La Romana is not only a thriving, bustling port: it is a beautiful city which boasts all the positive aspects of sea trade. La Romana lies towards the eastern area of the island: with the town of Punta Cana it is the key focus of culture and tourism along the entire coastline. La Romana is also known for its vicinity to San Pedro de Macorìs. Americans are more than familiar with this small village which nestles among sugar cane plantations: it has been feeding the US professional baseball league with natural-born talent for many years.
     Near to La Romana lie some of the most stunning beaches on the American continent, including Bayahibe and Dominicus. A short hop from La Romana and the coast, the Saona and Catalina islands have also become enormously popular tourist destinations in recent years. These paradise islands are the ideal location for lovers of the sea at its most unspoilt. Here the beaches stretch for kilometres, and swathes of white sand are lapped by the turquoise waters. It is the perfect setting for a number of beautiful nature reserves, foremost of which is the Parque Nacional del Este, or Eastern National Park. The Park is considered an international heritage site and covers an area of over 420 square kilometres.
     Saona Island and the village of Bayahibe lie within the park. In this setting, La Romana is shaking off its image as a port and emerging as the capital of a booming tourist trade. Every year thousands of tourists flock to its beaches, seeking their own corner of paradise where they can forget the stresses and strains of daily life, at least for a few days.